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bacterium collected from more than a mile below the open of the Pacific Ocean may have just blown one of immunology ’s longest - harbor assumptions clean out of the water .
Thebacteriaare so alien to humanity that our resistant cell do not even file that they exist , making them entirely invisible to ourimmune system .
The researchers aboard the R/V Falkor in the Phoenix Islands.
This totally contradict one of the authoritative tenet of immunology — that the human resistant system develop to be able to sense every single microbe so it could catch the infectious ones .
" The idea was that the immune system of rules is a generalist , it does n’t wish if something was a menace or not , it just got disembarrass of it . But no one had really pressure examine that assumption until now , " Jonathan Kagan , an immunologist at Boston Children ’s Hospital and one of the discipline leaders , told Live Science .
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To test this , the research worker had to recover bacterium that was unconvincing to have ever had old inter-group communication with mammalian immune systems . They chose a berth deeply in the central Pacific Ocean , in the Phoenix Islands Protected Area in Kiribati , 1650 miles southwest of Hawaii .
" It ’s not just the deep sea , but the most deep , ancient , outback and protected part of the sea , " study Colorado - author Randi Rotjan , a Boston University marine ecologist , say Live Science . " It ’s 4,000 meter [ 13,100 feet ] deep ; there are no nonmigratory mammals ; and it ’s on the equatorial space where there would n’t even be any whales for there to be any whale falls , ” Rotjan enounce , advert to the fact that whales lean to breed in one hemisphere and feed in the other , and so they ’d only cross the equator while migrate . “ This was a skillful spot to probably find bacterium all different from the bacterium we interact with on land . "
Once there , researchers used a remote submarine to collect marine bacteria from sample of water , sponge , sea star topology and deposit , before growing them into 117 culturable species . After identify the features of their bacteria , the researchers usher in 50 of the nervous strain to mouse and human resistant cells . To their surprise , they found that 80 % of the microbes , mostly belonging to the genusMoritella , escaped detection . The receptors on the mammalian bone marrow resistant cells used in the study were incapable of seeing them .
" It was really surprising , " Kagan state . " What you end up with is a film of the immune system as being topically delineate by the bug that it survive near , and that the bugs and the granting immunity co - evolve . If you take your resistant organisation into a unlike ecosystem , a lot of the bug there will be immuno - understood . "
For instance , Kagan added , " it ’s possible that there ’s an invertebrate animal in the deep Pacific Ocean that ’s blind toE. coli . "
To essay to peg down down which features of the nautical bacterium made them inconspicuous to our immune receptor , the squad also exposed the mouse and human cells to just one specific part of the bacterial prison cell wall , called the lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) . Mammalian immune systems are known to use this outermost part of the bacterial cell wall to recognize so - call gram - negative bacterium and put up a competitiveness . The research worker found that the mammal cells ' receptors were blind to the LPS on its own , too .
" The LPS molecules look similar to what you ’d find in bacterium on land , but many of them were completely mum , " Kagan said . " This is because the lipid chain on the LPS turned out to be much tenacious than the ones we ’re used to on solid ground , but we still do n’t live why that intend they can go undetected . "
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Despite their spooky ability to parry spying , the researchers tell that deep - ocean bacterium do n’t baffle any risk of infecting people .
" Firstly , they have n’t acquire to evade mammalian immune system , so if there was any pathogenicity it would be inadvertent , " said Rotjan . " The second reason it ’s extremely unlikely is that the temperatures , pressures and the chemic environments inside our bodies are so different to what you ’d chance at the bottom of the sea . These bacteria are n’t glad for more than a few minutes outside of their normal home ground . "
Now that the research worker have laid the groundwork for how these exotic bacteria interact with our immune systems , they project to lend oneself this knowledge to help produce better immunotherapeutics . They also go for to return to Kiribati to analyse the immune system of the organisms that these bacteria have develop to infect .
The researchers published their findings online on March 12 in the journalScience Immunology .
Originally published on Live Science .
