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Last week , bookman discover an as - yet - unknown Rembrandt painting .
The motion picture , which shows a gentleman’s gentleman calculate away , had the full-bodied colors , subtle emotion , characteristic brushstrokes , and evocative play of lightness and shadow so characteristic of the Dutch master copy ’s fashion .
A computer algorithm analyzed all of Rembrandt’s work to learn the Dutch master’s style and technique, before re-creating it in a new painting.
But it turns out this mysterious picture wasn’ta long - lose Rembrandtcanvas uncovered in some blank out seventeenth - hundred storage warehouse : It was instead made out of whole cloth by a computer algorithm and a 3D pressman . The computer algorithm create the " novel Rembrandt " after fastidiously analyse the Felis concolor ’s entire principal , then mimickingRembrandt ’s paint technique , panache and subjects .
While the artistic merit of the painting are a matter of personal ruling , the cognitive operation could discover more penetration into the bully captain ’s works , said Gary Schwartz , an art historiographer and writer of " Rembrandt ’s Universe : His Art , His Life , His World " ( Thames & Hudson Ltd. , 2014 ) . [ Gallery : Hidden Gems in Renaissance Art ]
" While no one will claim that Rembrandt can be shrink to an algorithm , this proficiency offers an opportunity to test your own ideas about his painting in concrete , visual var. , " Schwartzsaid in a statement .
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn is known as one of the greatest painters who ever lived . Born in Amsterdam in 1606 , the overlord was noted for his realistic field of study matter , rich color palette , elusive and nuanced limning of emotion , and gorgeous utilization of vestige and light . ( Like manyother famous painters , he died penniless , in 1669 , after years of grueling times . ) Rembrandt painted at least 346 painting in his life , include the iconic " Night Watch " and " Storm on the Sea of Galilee . "
Digital paintbrush
The first step in the unconscious process was to gather high-pitched - resolution digital scan of all 346 images in the panther ’s dead body of work , then upload them to a figurer algorithm that used deep learning to hold on the basics of Rembrandt ’s corpus .
From there , the team had to decide what the subject affair of their picture would be . give that most of Rembrandt ’s house painting are portraits , it did n’t take long for the computing machine program to settle on a portrait .
To figure out who would be depicted , the squad then used algorithmic rule to break up out the finer details of the subject matter . The computer programme settled on a Caucasian white male person between the old age of 30 and 40 , sporting facial haircloth and assume the plain black and white clothing so characteristic of Rembrandt ’s work . The algorithm also determine that the man should be looking to the right , concord to the projection ’s participants . [ Image Gallery : How applied science expose Hidden Art Treasures ]
Next , a separate set of algorithms break down the typical geometry , paper and house painting materials used by Rembrandt . From there , afacial - identification programpicked out the techniques the Dutch painter used to catch the eyes , nose , backtalk and other features of his subjects . From there , the program set out composing its film , sketching out each of the facial features one by one , then put them together to organise the face . ( Clearly , human and information processing system painters expend passably different techniques . )
Finally , once the 2D image was complete , the team added deepness by analyze the ridges , bumps and dent typically found on a small-arm of sail , then superimpose them on the flat image . That created the depth and texture found when a painter puts oil on canvass .
The team then paint the image using a 3D printer that used 13 layers of UV - free-base ink to create a realistic picture .
It ’s not clear that experts will see hotshot in the Modern composition of artistic creation . ( Writing for The Guardian , artistic production critic Jonathan Jones predict the project a " new way to mock art , made by fall guy . " ) But it ’s well-defined that computer algorithms have come a long way since the first rude algorithms and dot - matrix printers .
" When we embarked on this journey , we did n’t know the outcome , " Bas Korsten , executive creative director of J. Walter Thompson Amsterdam , the advertising agency involved in the project , said in a affirmation . " Can you teach a computer how to paint like Rembrandt ? Can you distill Rembrandt ’s artistic DNA to make newfangled artistic creation ? All I can say about the outcome is that I see a person , not a calculator ikon . "
